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Servicing Bicycle Brakes
Sheldon Brown photo
by Sheldon "Stop!" Brown

Spoke Divider

This page is intended as a directory page, linking to separate articles on servicing different styles of bicycle brakes. Not all of those articles have yet been written yet, so some of the links will be to "place-holder" pages.

Cantlevers vs Calipers

Bicycle Rim brakes divide into two basic types: cantilever and caliper.

Caliper brakes are self-contained mechanisms, attached to the bicycle's frame by a single bolt for each brake, front & rear. The arms reach downward from above the tire, and need to be long enough to get around the tire.

Cantilever brakes attach to the sides of a bicycle's frame/fork, separately on each side. They can only be used on bikes that are designed to use them, because they require special brazed-on fittings on the frame. These fittings are commonly called "studs" or "bosses." The brake for each wheel consists of two separate arms, each of which is individually attached to the frame or fork.

Cantilever brakes further divide into four sub-types, and I have reorganized this page into 4 separate pages, each dealing with one of the four sub-types. Click on the heading to go to the relevant page:

This is the type used on most bikes made since the mid 1990s. This is the only style of cantilever where the cable comes to the cantilever set from one side, rather than down the middle.
Direct Pull V-Brake
These were used on almost all mountain bikes made before the mid 1990s, and are still popular on touring and cyclocross bicycles.

See my separate article on adjusting this type of brake

Traditional Centerpull Cantilever
These were fashionable for mountain bikes around 1987, typically mounted underneath the chain stays.

U-brakes have had a bit of a revival in the last few years for use on freestyle bicycles

(Functionally, U-brakes are very similar to the center-pull caliper brakes popular on sport bikes of the 1960s and '70s.)

U Brake-eye bolts
The Roller Cam cantilever brake was a predecessor of the U-brake, and had a brief vogue in the mid 1980s.

(Unit shown is a contemporary roller cam caliper brake.)

Roller Cam Brake

Compatibility/Interchangeability

Cantlever
Type
Frame
Studs
Levers Cable Routing
Direct Pull
V-Brake ®
Below
the Rim
Long Pull
Low Tension
Cable comes in from the side.

Lower housing stop is on one of the cantilever arms.

Traditional
Center Pull
Standard
Short Pull
High Tension
Cable runs down the bicycle's center line.

Lower housing stop mounted on frame/fork,
either special braze-on,
or mounted to the seatpost bolt.

U-Brake
Cantilever
Above
the Rim
(Rare)
Roller-Cam
Cantilever
Caliper Rim Brakes
(All Types)
Varies, sidepull or centerpull.

Lever compatibility

Direct-pull cantilevers require special brake levers. Direct-pull brake levers pull the cable twice as far, half as hard. It is not generally safe to mix and match levers/cables between direct pull and other types for this reason.

Spoke divider

This page URL was formerly devoted to adjusting traditional center-pull cantilevers.

That material has now been moved to a separate page.

Thanks to Quality Bicycle Products for the photos on this page

Spoke Divider

Feedback? Questions?

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Last Updated: by Harriet Fell