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Sheldon Brown's Bicycle Frame and Cassette Spacing Crib Sheet

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Frame/Fork Spacing

As of 2018, fatbikes and disc brakes have led to a several new standards. The problem of disc brakes' pulling the hub out of the front dropouts (see James Annan's article) has been addressed with thru axles, which insert into a fork with a hole rather than a slot at the end of each blade. Also see our article on thru axles, and our article about disc brakes for information on disc-brake issues.

Front
70 mm Birdy, Breezer Itzy front hub.
74 mm Brompton front hub, 8 mm axle; Schimidt SON XS Bro generator hub.
Bike Friday tikit, Dahon Speed, Moulton front hub, 9 mm axle; Schmidt SON XS DaTi generator hub
79 mm Dahon Vitesse front hub (report from reader, unconfirmed).
91 mm Low-end front hubs; Nottinghum Raleighs.
96 mm Older front hubs, especially French.
100 mm Modern front hubs with 12 and some with 15mm thru axle
110 mm "Boost" front hubs with 12, 15, or 20 mm thru axles.
120 mm Some front "Boost"
135 mm Front fatbike with quick release. Some are offset, and some front and rear wheels are interchangeable.
142 mm Front fatbike with rigid thru-axle fork,15mm axle
150 mm Some fatbike front hubs with 15mm thru axle
Rear
110 mm Rear older track, coaster brake and other single-speed hubs.
114 mm Rear 3-4-speed, many internal-gear hubs. This is US, U.K. Same as 4 1/2 inches.
120 mm Rear 5-speed, Ultra 6, newer track hubs.
126 mm Rear 6- and 7-speed (road).
130 mm Rear 7-speed (MTB) and 8- 9-10-11-speed (road) except disc brake
135 mm Rear 7- 8- 9-10-11-speed (MTB); rear with disc brake (road). Some MTB with 12mm thru axle
135 mm
offset
Original Surly fatbike, offset 17.5 mm to right
140 mm Rear tandem.
142 mm Rear with 12mm QR, 12mm or 15mm thru axle
145 mm Rear tandem (newer models.)
148 mm Rear "Boost", MTB with 12mm thru axle
150 mm Retro-Choppers, some Downhill and Freeride models.
157 mm SRAM rear DH
160 mm Rear tandem (new Santana proposed standard.)
170 mm Rear symmetric fatbike with quick release for 4" tire
177 mm Rear symmetric fatbike with thru axle for 4" tire, 12mm axle
190 mm Rear symmetric fatbike with quick release for 5" tire, 12mm axle with QR
197 mm Rear symmetric fatbike with thru axle for 5" tire, 12mm thru axle

Overall axle length for quick-release hubs is commonly 11 mm longer than the overlocknut distance listed, 5.5 mm on each side. Most hubs with nutted axles can easily be modified for larger spacing by adding washers, within limits. For overlocknut distance of specific makes and models of internal-gear and singlespeed hubs, see the articles on chainline.

Spoke Divider

Spoke Divider

Cassette /Freewheel Spacing

Sprocket spacing given is for inner sprockets. Spacing of outer sprockets may be slightly greater to prevent the chain from rubbing against the next larger sprocket. Overall width of freewheels and cassettes may therefore slightly exceed the dimensions given. Some SunTour freewheels used oddly mixed spacings -- see linked photos.

Brand and model Center-to-center
Spacing
Sprocket Thickness Spacer Thickness Total Width
5-speed
"Regular"
5-speed
5.5 mm 2.0 mm 3.5 mm 24.0 mm
G. Caimi/Everest/Simplex
5-speed
5.35 mm 1.85 mm 3.5 mm 23.2 mm
6-speed
"Regular"
6-speed
5.5 mm 2.0 mm 3.5 mm 29.5 mm
G. Caimi/Everest/Simplex
6-speed
5.35 mm 1.85 mm 3.5 mm 28.6 mm
Sun Tour "Ultra"
Freewheel 6-speed
5.0 mm 1.85 mm 3.15 mm 26.9 mm
Sun Tour Accushift
XCD-6 6-speed
5.5 mm 2.0 mm 3.5 mm 29.5 mm
7-speed
Shimano HG
7-speed
5.0 mm 1.85 mm 3.15 mm 31.9 mm
Shimano IG
7-speed
5.0 mm 2.35 mm 2.65 mm 32.4 mm
Sachs
7-speed
5.0 mm 1.8 mm 3.2 mm 31.8 mm
SRAM Freewheel
7-speed
5.0 mm 1.8 mm 3.2 mm 32.8 mm
Sun Tour "Ultra"
Freewheel 7-speed
5.0 mm 1.85 mm 3.15 mm 32.4 mm
Sun Tour
MicroDrive 7-speed
4.8/5.0 mm 2.0 mm 3 x 2.8 mm(L)
3 x 3.0 mm(H)
31.5 mm
8-speed
Campagnolo
8-speed
5.0 mm 1.9 mm 3.1 mm 36.9 mm
Mavic
8-spd w/rounded dogs
5.2 mm 2.0 mm 3.2 mm 37.0 mm
Shimano
8-speed
4.8 mm 1.8 mm 3.0 mm 35.4 mm
Sachs
1997 8-speed
5.0 mm 1.8 mm 3.2 mm 36.8 mm
Sachs 1998+
8-speed
4.8 mm 1.8 mm 3.0 mm 35.4 mm
SRAM Cassette
8-speed
4.8 mm 1.8 mm 3.0 mm 35.4 mm
SRAM Freewheel
8-speed
5.0 mm 1.8 mm 3.2 mm 36.8 mm
Sun Tour
MicroDrive 8-speed
4.8/5.0 mm 2.0 mm 3 x 2.8 mm(L)
4 x 3.0 mm(H)
36.5 mm
9-speed
Campagnolo
9-speed
4.55 mm 1.75 mm 2.8 mm 38.2 mm
Shimano
9-speed
4.34 mm 1.78 mm 2.56 mm 36.5 mm
SRAM
9-speed
4.34 mm 1.8 mm 2.54 mm 36.5 mm
10-speed
Campagnolo
10-speed
Variable (note) 1.7 mm Variable (note) 38.8 mm
Shimano
10-speed
3.95 mm 1.6 mm 2.35 mm 37.2 mm
(note)
11-speed
Campagnolo
11-speed
Variable (note) 1.6 mm Variable (note) 40.1 mm
(note)

Total width

The total width given is that of the sprocket cluster --which may also be slightly wider due to wider spacign of the smaller sprockets.. A freewheel with splined sprockets has a flange behind the innermsot sprocket. The inner body of the freewheel may not be recessed so as to compensate completely for this flange depth, and so the total width the of the freewheel may be greater, affecting chainline and clearance at the right rear dropout. Sun Tour freewheels typically have a 2 mm flange and a 1 mm recess.

Overhang

The innermost sprocket of Shimano 10-speed and Campagnolo 11-speed cassettes is inboard of the flange of the freehub body to move the sprockets to the left and make more room between the outermost sprocket and the dropout. The rear derailer may interfere with the spokes, especially if the innermost sprocket is relatively small or the wheel has an unusual spoke pattern.

Variable spacing

Sprocket spacing varies across Campagnolo 10- and 11-speed cassettes to improve shifting in the midrange. 11-speed spacing also varies over the top 3 sprockets according to the actual ratios for better shifting with the most recent 11-speed rear derailleur. Thanks to Graeme at Velotech Cycling Ltd. (UK) for this information.

Spoke Divider

Spoke Divider

More cribsheets: Click here!

This page is intended as a quick reference for mechanics. Feel free to print it out, but please don't reproduce it without proper credit and linkage.

Spoke Divider

Spoke Divider

Articles by Sheldon Brown and Others


Reports of the demise of this Web site are greatly exaggerated! We at sheldonbrown.com thank Harris Cyclery for its support over the years. Harris Cyclery has closed, but we keep going. Keep visiting the site for new and updated articles, and news about possible new affilations.

Copyright © 2006, 2008 Sheldon Brown

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Last Updated: by Harriet Fell